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A June 1916 payroll list from the cylinder record division reflects this new America : Stefanelli, Kraus, Janachenski, Brokovsky, O'Brien. Another one out of three residents was the child of an immigrant. In New Jersey, one out of every four residents was an immigrant. "It is another matter to so work out an idea that it can be put into every day use at a profit to the maker." Motion pictures, phonographs, records and alkaline batteries were all developed and produced here.īy 1920, immigration from southern and eastern Europe had changed the face of America, especially on the Atlantic coast.
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"It is comparatively easy to conceive an invention," Edison explained. Factory workers had to produce thousands of the new inventions, which could then be sold all over the world. In time, other companies such as General Electric built their own laboratories inspired by the West Orange lab.įinishing the invention was only half the job. Historians have called the research and development laboratory Edison 's greatest invention. As Edison himself said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." The alkaline storage battery, for example, kept muckers busy for almost a decade. Inventions could always be improved, so several projects took years of effort. Still, each project took hundreds of hours of hard work. By putting their heads together, they also might discover more creative solutions.īy having several teams going at once, Edison could invent several products at the same time. Muckers could work faster in teams than as individuals.
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Then he picked teams of laboratory workers, or "muckers," to build it and test it. "Muckers" standing outside the Pattern Shop of Edison's West Orange Laboratory.Īs "chief mucker," Edison might think of new ways to improve an invention, such as his phonograph. His young assistant, Walter Miller, came from neighboring East Orange. Wangemann, one of several German "muckers" with university training, helped build a recording studio on the third floor of Building 5. Ignatius Goldstein came from Poland to work as a chemist in Building 2. The West Orange lab and factories hired people from all over the United States and Europe. Here Edison could not only make new inventions, but manufacture them to sell to the world. But the factory buildings surrounding it were much larger. When it was built, the West Orange lab complex was probably one of the largest in the world. Half of the inventor's 1,093 patents came to light here: his work with motion pictures, most of his improvements to the phonograph, and experiments with cement, alkaline batteries and rubber substitutes. (Holly had also designed Edison 's Glenmont estate.) As many as 200 men worked in this six building lab complex. In 1887, Edison hired architect Henry Hudson Holly to design his largest laboratory ever. Lithograph of Thomas Edison's West Orange laboratory during the 1890s. The Wizard had outgrown the laboratory that had made him famous. Most men might be happy with love, wealth and comfort. Just before their wedding in February 1886 he had bought her Glenmont, a 13-1/2 acre estate with a three-story mansion, located within the private community of Llewellyn Park in West Orange, New Jersey.
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The year before he had married the 20-year-old Mina Miller. He had also bounced back from the death of his first wife. Newspapers called him the "Wizard of Menlo Park." Lower Manhattan already glowed with his incandescent lights. He and his "muckers" had designed light bulbs and dynamos at his small lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey. For almost ten years already, he had toiled away at his direct current electric power system. He also had hundreds of patented inventions. Moves to West Orange at the age of 40, the future still looked bright for Thomas Alva Edison. An aerial drawing of Thomas Edison's laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey.